There has been multiple reports about the effects of the sun’s UV rays on the skin, from skin cancer, risks of sunburn and more.  What we don’t hear about too often are the effects of UV rays and the eyes.

Constant UV exposure can cause the following damage to the eyes:  macular degenerations, pinguecula, cataracts and pterygia.

HEV – high – energy visible radiation (aka blue light) can also contribute to macular degeneration.

Since you cannot see UV rays, it is a misconception to assume that your eyes are not at risk, just because of a cloudy day or lack of direct sunlight.

There are three types of UV Rays:
UVC Rays: Considered the most harmful because  it is the highest – energy ray.  Our ozone layer protects us from this particular ray, but with the depletion of the ozone layer, we are at risk of being affected by UVC Rays.  It has a wavelength of 100-280nm.

UVB Rays: Longer wavelengths mean lower energy.  Like UVC Rays, we are semi protected by the ozone layer to these rays, but some of the rays still reach the earth’s surface.  UVB rays can cause a darkening of the skin (melanin production) and prolonged exposure can cause skin to age, wrinkle and discolor.

UVA Rays: Lower than UVC and UVB rays, these rays are the closest to being visible.  These rays can penetrate and reach the lens/retina of the eye.  This particular ray is what contributes to eye damage after prolonged exposure.

To protect your eyes, if you think you will be outside for an extended period of time, it’s suggested to wear sunglasses that offer 100% UV protection.  UV rays are still present even on cloudy days.